Aortic Dissection
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where a tear forms in the inner layer of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This tear creates a separate channel for blood flow, which can cause the layers of the aorta to split apart. If the tear ruptures through the pouter wall of the aorta, it can be fatal. Prompt medical attention is crucial for survival.
Risk Factors
Certain factors increase the risk of aortic dissection, including:
- High Blood Pressure: Persistent high blood pressure can weaken the aorta’s walls.
- Arterial Disease (Atherosclerosis): Hardening of the arteries can damage the aorta.
- Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
- Age and Gender: Most common in men over 60.
- Family History: A history of aortic dissection or related conditions.
- Lifestyle Choices: Smoke and drug use.
- Pregnancy: Rarely, can occur during late pregnancy.
Symptoms
Recognizing the symptoms of aortic dissection is vital for early intervention:
- Severe Chest or Back Pain: Often described as tearing, ripping or stabbing, and may move to the neck or down the back.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing due to heart strain.
- Fainting: Caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure.
- Stroke Symptoms: Difficulty speaking, vision problems or weakness on one side.
- Leg Pain or Paralysis: If the arteries supplying blood to the legs are affected.
Diagnostics and Tests
Timely and accurate diagnosis of aortic dissection is critical. At LifeBridge Health, diagnostic methods include:
- Physical Examination: Initial assessment to check for signs of aortic dissection, including blood pressure measurements in both arms.
- Imaging Tests:
- CT Scan: Highly accurate for identifying tears.
- MRI: Detailed imaging of the aorta.
- Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE): Ultrasound via esophagus for clear aorta images.
- Chest X-ray: May show an abnormal aorta shape.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To rule out a heart attack with similar symptoms.
Treatments and Services
At LifeBridge Health, we provide comprehensive care for aortic dissection, including emergency treatment, ongoing management and support services to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients. Our multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, surgeons and healthcare professionals is dedicated to offering advanced, compassionate care tailored to each individual’s needs.
Depending on the tear’s location and severity, we may suggest:
- Medications: Blood pressure control and pain relief are crucial in managing aortic dissection.
- Surgery: Emergency surgery is often required for tears in the ascending aorta, while endovascular repair is used for tears in the descending aorta.
- Ongoing Care: Regular monitoring, lifestyle changes and rehabilitation services support recovery and long-term health management.